• Abashakashatsi babiri b’Abadage n’Umunyamerika begukanye bya Nobel y’Ubuvuzi 2026

Igihembo Nobel cy’Ubuvuzi mu 2026 cyahawe ku wa Mbere abashakashatsi batatu, barimo Abadage babiri n’Umunyamerika, kubera ubushakashatsi bwabo ku buryo ubwonko bugenzura imikorere y’uturemangingo tw’imyakura ku giti cyabwo.

Umunyamerika Karl Deisseroth n’Abadage Peter Hegemann na Georg Nagel bahawe iki gihembo kubera ibyo Komite ya Nobel yavuze ko ari “ubuvumbuzi ku miyoboro y’uduce dufite amashanyarazi ikangurwa n’urumuri ndetse n’uburyo bwa optogenetics.”

Optogenetics ni uburyo bw’ubushakashatsi butuma abahanga bashobora kumenya no kugenzura imikorere y’uturemangingo tw’imyakura bakoresheje urumuri. Ubu buryo bwafashije abashakashatsi kurushaho gusobanukirwa uko uturemangingo tw’imyakura tugira uruhare mu kurema no kubika urwibutso, amarangamutima n’imyitwarire.

Komite ya Nobel yavuze ko aba bashakashatsi “bashyizeho urufatiro rw’ibihe bishya mu bushakashatsi ku mikorere y’ubwonko.”

Komite kandi yavuze ko gusobanukirwa uburyo ubwonko burema urwibutso, amarangamutima n’imyitwarire byari bimaze igihe ari inzozi z’abashakashatsi.

Uko ubwonko bugenzura amarangamutima, imyitwarire ndetse n’imikorere itandukanye y’umubiri byari bikiri amayobera ku bumenyi bwa siyansi. Icyakora, optogenetics yatumye abashakashatsi bagira uburyo bushya bwo kubyiga, kuko ituma uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe tw’imyakura duhindurwa ku buryo dushobora kwitabira urumuri.

Ibi bikorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rihuza ubwubatsi bw’uturemangingo ku rwego rwa genes (génie génétique) n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha urumuri (optique). Iyo neurone zimwe zimaze kugira ubushobozi bwo kwakira urumuri, abashakashatsi bashobora gukurikirana no kugenzura ibikorwa byazo, bikabafasha kumenya uruhare rwazo mu mikorere y’ubwonko.

Per Svenningsson, uyobora Komite ya Nobel y’Ubuvuzi, yavuze ko optogenetics itanga ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora “ikarita y’ubwonko twajyaga dutekereza ko dushobora kurota gusa.”

Igihembo cyatangarijwe ku Kigo cya Karolinska i Stockholm muri Suwede, bitangira ku mugaragaro icyumweru cy’ibirori byo gutanga ibihembo Nobel.

Nyuma y’Igihembo Nobel cy’Ubuvuzi, ku wa Kabiri hatangwa igihembo cy’Ubugenge, ku wa Gatatu hatangwe icy’Ubutabire, naho ku wa Kane hatangwe icy’Ubuvanganzo.

Ku wa Gatanu hazatangwa Nobel y’Amahoro, mbere y’uko gahunda y’itangwa ry’ibihembo Nobel isoza ku wa 12 Ukwakira, ubwo hazatangazwa uwahawe igihembo mu by’Ubukungu.

 

 

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